Bhutan is a small Land lock country in South Asia Asia that had a population of about 6, 97,000. Bhutan is a monarchy, run by a King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wang-chuk has been the king of Bhutan. His slogan is that Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross National Product.
Bhutan used to be one of the most isolated nations in the world. Journalism was fairly small-scale and new to Bhutan. In sector of communication development Internet, Mobile phone, Cable, Television and Radio Fm have increasingly modernized the urban areas. Bhutan has balanced modernization with its ancient culture and traditions under the guidance philosophy of Gross National Happiness. The Government played great role to preserve the nation’s traditional culture, identity and the environment. In 2006, Business Week Magazine rated Bhutan the happiest country in the Asia and the eighth happiest country in the world.
Bhutan’s early history is unclear, because most of the records were destroyed in 1827 due to fire.
There were only one newspaper, one radio station, one television station, and one Internet provider, Druknet, which was started in 1999. The government monitored this enterprise closely to preserve culture and tradition, and restricted freedom of speech and the press. Bhutan had only regular publication is Kuensel , a weekly newspaper that is published and controlled by the government. Its circulation is about 10,000, and editions are published in Dzongkha, English, and Nepali languages. An online version of the newspaper was introduced in 1999.
Journalism
The Kuensel, a newspaper of a government-owned corporation, circulates six days a week in Dzongkha, and English. Beginning in April 2006, it competes with The Bhutan Times, Bhutan's first government-authorized privately owned newspaper. In late 2006, another private newspaper, The Bhutan Observer began publication. The Bhutan Today, an English daily newspaper launched in October 2008 is the latest private media enterprise.
People working in media in Bhutan receive short term journalism training from Britain, Netherlands, India and Singapore.
Radio and television
The Bhutan Broadcasting Service was established in 1973 as a radio service, broadcasting in short wave nationally, and on the FM band in Thimphu. In 1997 it was estimated that there were about 37,000 radios in Bhutan. Bhutan's one radio station includes one short-wave program and one daily FM broadcast from Thimphu, the national capital.
In 1989, the Bhutan government banned reception of all private television and ordered to break off satellite dishes and antennas. It introduced a local television service through the Bhutan Broadcasting Service. The service started television broadcasts in 1999, making Bhutan the last country in the world to introduce television. In 1999 it was estimated that more than 11,000 television sets were being used in Bhutan. As part of the King's modernization program, cable television was introduced later. By 2002, however, the crime rate had increased appreciably, and the introduction of cable television is responsible for the information against crime. In early 2002, the daily programming consisted of about four hours of programs with half of it in Dzongkha and the other half in English. The programs consisted of imported programs from other countries, such as the British Broadcasting Corporation and Doordarshan (India).
Electronic media
Bhutan has about 15,000 Internet users, 25,200 landline subscribers, and 23,000 mobile phone subscribers.
Film
Bhutanese lama Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche is a well-known filmmaker, who produced and directed The Cup as well as Travellers and Magicians. While The Cup was shot in a Tibetan monastery in northern India, Travellers and Magicians was the first feature film to be filmed completely in Bhutan. No professional actors were used in either film.
Bhutan is a traditional country that is slowly modernizing but resists Western influences. After centuries of direct monarchic rule, Bhutan held its first democratic election in March 2008.
The media is now a way of life for most Bhutanese although access to media and the interests vary between the rural and urban population, the rich and poor, the old and young.
The MIS (media impact society) concluded that television, particularly international channels, had the strongest impact on urban society, especially on the youth population. Radio has been the main influence on the rural population and the print media reached the literate and policy makers.
Decentralization has been the theme for development in Bhutan and the government is making an effort to distribute information by setting up websites and linking databases and information systems through the Internet. The Bhutan Power Corporation and Bhutan Telecom subsidies power and telecom infrastructure in the rural parts of the country and the Ministry of Information has identified e-governance as a priority.
Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan
http://www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/media/peacock.html
http://www.pressreference.com
Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Thursday, September 3, 2009
Communication and Globalization
Before 35000 BC people were unknown about then symbol, alphabets and language. They didn’t know how to communicate and purpose of it. A person used to communicate within himself intra-physically also termed as intra-personal communication. Later they started producing and detecting sounds which developed into language whereby they started communicating with each other and formed inter-personal type of communication. In this way, They started sharing information with each other and developed the language to speak. Later on in 35000 BC they made different symbols in order to represent different abstract things with specific meaning. They established different signs and alphabets which were used for craving into walls, painting. As time passed, number of people stayed in a group occupying certain space and formed family. As family is formed they started to think about relation, development, security, needs, supports etc. They wanted to be a social animal which help to form a society. Here in a society, they started to discussing and sharing information or knowledge in a group. In this way group communication is formed which helped a man to be a social animal. Due to the geographical diversity, member of a society started communicating a member of other society. People started business, development, civilization, establishment of industries etc. which established relation between peoples of different geographical region. Later people of different geographical region formed community and Nation. People worked in different industries, organizations, institutions etc started communication which helps to established organization communication. In the early 15th century people invented Printing press through which information could be passed in larger scale which was the foundation for modern print media. Then came the age of sharing information through wire with the invention of telegraph and telephone. Then, in 1895 Marconi sent human voices with the help of radio waves for the first time. After which broadcast media came into existence. 30 years after both sound and picture could be transmitted after the invention of television. People of each corner of the earth started communicating with each other and mass communication was formed. In 20th century computer was invented which was later developed as a tool for communication. Simultaneously satellites were also introduced. Today a person can communicate with large number of people staying at different geographical region. Time and space was no barrier in the field of communication. A person of one continent can have relationship like Business relation, Family relationship etc. Now each person of different geographical region can communicate with rest of the globe staying at any corner. In this way, Intra personal communication transformed to Inter-personal, Group, Organization and Mass communication. And an individual transformed to Family, Group, Society, Community, and Nation and Global community. Thus People started communicating Locally with each other which later on formed as mass communication and by the help of it we can now communicate globally.
Sunday, June 21, 2009
Online Media
Exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing, or behaviors are the elements of communication which helps human animal to be a social man. Communication needs art and technique of using words effectively to instruct information or ideas. Transmission of information, such as advertising, broadcasting, mailing, letters, journalism, music, videos, articles etc involves in communication. For proper communication we are using different mass media channels like Radio, Television, Newspaper, telephone, cinema, libraries etc every day. Auditory means, such as speaking, singing and sometimes tone of voice are verbal communication which we directly gets from person or any technologies like Radio, Television, telephone etc. Even Nonverbal communications such as body language, sign language, paralanguage, touch, eye contact, or the use of writing are also found in Television, Newspaper, cinema etc.
Though we were using different mass media channels like Radio, Television, Newspaper, telephone, cinema, libraries etc every day people were not satisfied with it because Nonverbal communications cannot be seen in Auditory means like Radio, cassette players etc. Similarly, we cannot get audio, visual in Newspaper. If we have to revise past news then it is very durable in Newspapers, Televisions and Radio too. As we know, every problem has its solution, the above mention problem has been solved and that is Online Media. Online media is the easiest and the most suitable way to collect information. Online media in Nepal consists of e-newspapers, radio online, online videos, online magazines, online libraries, online maps etc. Online media is becoming a popular media source in Nepal and has gained popularity all over the world. Today, however, mass media has become much more than that, it has become a necessity in our daily lives. We are very much dependent on mass media not only as a source of news and information, but also as a source of entertainment and leisure. We are able to, not only update ourselves with news from around the world, but also watch the latest movie, listen to the latest music and songs and also reach out to the rest of the world through Internet. Consumers these days are simply turning away from books and newspapers and are spending more time on using media on internet. They seemed to like replacing traditional media such as letter writing with new media habits such as online social networking, blogging, texting and instant messaging etc. The content and design of a newspaper or magazine can no longer qualify as online journalism. The content of online journalism may content Headline, Text, Picture, Graphic, Related Links, Audio, Video, Slide Shows, interactive features, and Animation etc. And these all are found in websites for example, google.com, yahoo.com etc which is designed by web page makers.
What Does “Online Media” Mean?
Contents:
Podcasts, Webcasts, Streaming video, mp3, Blogs, Games
People want the same quality online that they experience at home for example some people they watch video in Widescreen but some are still watching in Black and White print. Some people listen song in mp3 format some wants to listen in wma format. So, in Online Media, Media files can be very large of small. Similarly, some wants media files in High and Better quality but some are still satisfied with normal quality. Similarly, some wants more information and large files but some wants compressed data. Due to these kinds of variation quality can be affected. Online Media uses a Players, Reader, etc and it takes a minute or more time to install for example: Windows Media, QuickTime, Flash, Apple iTunes, Acrobat Reader, etc.
Downloading
We can find more than millions and billions of Media file in different websites. Some are downloadable and some are denied to download. This Media file can be view at any time and places. Downloadable file can be downloaded at any time any places. Some Media files are only be viewable many times but not downloadable. Some files are files are viewable only after it is downloaded in computer.
Advantages of Downloading:
We can play the media anytime you want.
Media files may be sent as attachments with an email.
We need not to carry the data every time.
Sitting in one place we can get what you want.
Disadvantages:
Media files can be very large.
It can take a long time to download, even with a broadband.
It cannot be watched or listened to until it has completely finished downloading
It can limit the impact of using a media file to communicate something.
Webcasting
Media file is never downloaded to the computer.
It is stored on the website, or a special computer called a media server.
It is dependent to the time, Live or scheduled.
Radio station casts their programs on the internet.
Webcasts can use special website software, a standard media player or a custom media player.
Advantages:
Audience can see a media program or event as it happens.
Webcast can be converted to a downloaded or streaming file for viewing later.
Disadvantages:
Quality depends on a high bandwidth connection.
Online Media Examples:
YouTube
Free video sharing site.
Converts file to a streaming format.
Access of Uploading to the YouTube site is possible.
File can be public or private.
Standard length is 10 minutes.
Longer/larger files can be uploaded for an additional fee.
File can be both audio and video.
Like radio or TV shows
Can “subscribe” to the show and get a notice that a new show is available.
Latest show is automatically downloadable to our iPod (using iTunes) or other mp3 media player.
People can leave comments about it.
Nepali Online Media:
www.nepalnews.com
Type: News portal.
Main Feature: First to publish almost any breaking news in Nepal. News is otherwise updated regularly several times a day, often with photos.
Other features: Audio, video and photos. Weather and currency exchange rates updated daily. It is linked to all daily, weekly, fortnightly and monthly news publications. It also offers several Nepali fonts for download.
Drawbacks: Many of the features clustered by small box advertisements on either side of the page. Poor design by comparison to other online news portals. The presentation as a whole could improve.
Site created by: Mercantile Communications Pvt. Ltd.
www.cybernepal.com.np
Type: Entertainment portal.
Main Feature: Models.
Other Features: eCards, Mp3s, music videos, artist profiles and wallpapers. Links to various websites they are affiliated to in the areas of entertainment and online portals of other interests, including afterslc.com.np and missnepal.com.np.
Site created by: Dreams and Ideas
Note: Cybernepal.com.np has contributed a great deal towards the progress of web development and graphics in Nepal. The website is perhaps one of the first to achieve this level of branding/ popularity not just amongst web surfers but also the web site designing market in Nepal.
Advantage of Online Media:
News on holiday trading times, sales, discontinued or new lines can be published online,
Reducing the number of brochures that your company needs to produce,
Providing answers to frequently asked questions thus saving staff time,
Providing a timesaving shopping experience for customers,
Accessing information about customer buying patterns and purchases thus providing further marketing opportunities,
Automated collection of orders, payments and customer details,
An online database of products which is quick, easy and inexpensive to modify,
Improved communication by email which is professional and convenient, and is significantly better than leaving messages on answering machines,
The needed information, videos, music or any data can be downloaded at any time etc.
History of online Journalism:
October 1993: The University of Florida’s journalism school launched the first journalism site on the World Wide Web.
Craig Lee - webadmin@jou.ufl.edu David Carlson - gigabit@ufl.edu
It often was available only nights and weekends, the only times the machine was not needed for other tasks.
Nov 1994: The daily telegraph goes online. Electronic Telegraph is launched as UK’s first newspaper website.
Jan 1994: Yahoo! was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo and was incorporated on March 1, 1995.
15th Sep: 1997: The domain google.com was registered.
Dec 1997: BBC Online starts as a full service. In less than one year it offers more than 140,000 pages of content and 61,000 pages of news.
In 1999: The Guardian Unlimited network of websites is launched and by 2001 it has 2.4 million unique users making it the most popular newspaper site in the UK.
Sep 1999: The website journalism.co.uk, providing news and useful links to journalists, is launched.
Feb 2000: Multimedia online news started, Associated Press launches AP Streaming News to give news sites and broadcasters multimedia content.
9th March 2000: Nupedia.com founded, Nupedia.com, an online dictionary anyone with an account can edit and predecessor of Wikipedia, is founded and Renamed to Wikipedia on 15th January, 2001.
Aug 2000: The Hampshire Chronicle becomes the first British Newspaper to publish in an e-book format.
Aug 2003: Interactive Narratives is launched by professor of journalism at San Francisco State University. The site is a portal for the best interactive journalism on the internet.
Jul 2004: Microsoft launches a trial news aggregator service called Newsbot using a database of around 4,800 news sources.
In 2005: Google Earth was launched which displays satellite images of varying resolution of the Earth's surface, allowing users to visually see things like cities and houses looking perpendicularly down.
Online Media in Nepal
Compared to given websites, it was very soon that first Nepali e-magazine ‘The Nepal Digest’ was launched in 1993, only a year after Chicago Tribune could be read in online version at the first time in world’s online history. Kathmandu Post was posted in online version on 1st September 1995 at the first time. Kathmandu Post went on the web on September 1, 1995 is the first newspaper to avail its content into the web. In the beginning, its content was available at http://www.cen.uiuc.edu/~rshresth/ktmpost/. In Nepal, Himal Southasian was first magazine to have its own domain in the web. It went on the web through www.himalmag.com in 1997. This website has been availing the archive of the magazine since March 1996. Nepal news, started since November 1999, under domain www.nepalnews.com, is the first independent online that doesn’t publish in hard copy or doesn’t have any corresponding broadcast media.
According to the Nepal Journals Online, there are 36 journal listed. Until 2000 B.S There is less number of Nepali website. In 2003 there were 677 Nepali websites listed in nepalnet.net which provides online services.
How did blogging become a phenomenon?
In the first information revolution in the 1990s, everyone started creating websites just to have one. The advent of blogs has paved the way for a more authentic information revolution. The internet of the 1990s was said to allow anyone to become a publisher. But anyone needed to know a little bit about computers and specifically, how to build a web page.
Lots of flashy web sites were built, but once you visited them, there often was little reason to return.
Blogs flipped this model on its head. They’re not always pretty to look at, but they can e published by anyone who can click a mouse and type.
The software makes it so easy to publish, in fact, that blogs can be updated several times a day with about the same effort as sending e-mail.
Example of popular blog tools are blogger.com, lovejournal.com, wordpress.com.
Current state of websites:
There are many people who can create website in Nepal. A person can make website staying at home and earn money. The development of websites is not limited to Kathmandu valley only. Even in the hilly districts, online news portals have been launched. Some Nepali news portals have been launched from abroad. Though, these sites seem to have launched from abroad as their names suggested, maximum portion of the site are uploaded from Kathmandu. There are also many websites which are not running or updating. So we do not have exact record how many online news media exist in our country. According to the nepalresearch.com and nepalmonitor.com in 5th may, 2009 some best online media websites are listed below:
News providing web sites and services:
Nepal News, Ekantipur, Gorkhapatra Online, República, Weekly Nepal, Khabar Nepal, Reporters Nepal, Nepal Monitor, Himal Khabar, Nepal Human Rights News, Nepal Press Freedom, Legal News from Nepal, Nepal News US, Nepali Post, Nepaljapan.com, Free Nepal News Network, Weather Service Nepal, Forex.
Radio/TV news and services:
BFBS Gurkha Radio, Nepal Television, Avenues TV, Channel Nepal, Kantipur TV, Nepal 1, ABC Channel, Image channel, Sagarmatha TV, Radio Nepal, Nepaliko Radio 88.8 MHz, Radio Lumbini, Image 97.9 FM, Radio Aawaz, Hits FM, Nepali Tube, Kantipur FM 96.1, BBC Nepali Programme, Radio Sagarmatha 102.4, CFFN Radio, Radio Dovaan, Himali Swarharu, WNSO Radio live, Classic FM, Kalika FM, HBC FM, Radio City FM, Radio Annapurna.
Papers and magazines:
The Kathmandu Post, Kantipur, The Himalayan Times, Annapurna Post, The Rising Nepal, Gorkhapatra, República, Nagarik, Nepal Samacharpatra, Naya Patrika, Mahanagar, Rajdhani, Janadisha, Butwal Today, Sandhya Times, Newsfront, Sanghu, Tarun, Nayan Bikalpa, Nayan Prakash, Jana Ekta, South Asia Intelligence Review, Dristi, Janadesh, Nepali Sandesh, Europe ko NepaliPatra, The Telegraph, Budhabar, Ghatana ra Bichar, Hank, Kantipur Qatar, Janadharana, Suryodaya, Roadmap, The People's Review, Spotlight, Nepali Times, Madheshvani, Arpan, Nepali Patra, Sambodhan, Saptahik, Janasatta, Tasapaw, Deshprem, Kathmandu Metro, Deshantar, Nepal Abroad, Dishanirdesh, Chalphal, Suchanapatra, Khabardar, ECS (Expatriate Community Services), Himal Khabarpatrika, Himal Southasian, The Red Star, Madhuparka, Muna, Nari, New Business Age, Yubamanch, The Boss, Nepal Traveller, Wave Magazine, Cybernepal, Global Nepali, Himal, Himal Southasian, Himalayan Journal of Sciences, Kailash, Journal of Bhutan Studies, Journal of the Tibet Society
Liberal Democracy, Midweek, Mother Tongue Pipal Pustak, Nation, Nepali Times, Peace and Democracy in South Asia, Regmi Research Series, Revue d'Etudes Tibétaines, Studies in Nepali History and Society (SINHAS), Himalayan Research Bulletin.
Blogs: Blogger Nepal, Blogdai, Bahas, Deepak's Diary, Democracy for Nepal, Nepali Perspectives, Nepali Voices, Samudaya, Nepali Notebook, WeBlog Nepal, INSN, United We Blog, Phalano, Hamro Blog, Global Voices etc.
Now in Nepal, there are many popular websites which are competing with each other to provide necessary services to the user. Some popular website is listed below.
Popular Nepali news portals
The Nepal Digest: Launched by TND foundation (registered in New York USA) in 1993 is considered pioneer e-Nepali magazine. The Nepal Digest helps to create a free and democratic electronic platform-free of all political views, free of cultural biasness, against prejudices and unjustness of all kinds. (Thenepaldigest.com)
www.nepalnews.com: Run by mercantile communication, is the first independent news portal from Nepal. News is updated regularly several times a day, often with photos and publishes almost any breaking news of Nepal.
Problems in Nepal
At present, several publications can be read in internet and several independent online News portals are also in existence in a significant number through the country. Coinciding to the rise on computer literacy rate, there is significant number of browsers who visit web sites in the country. But this large number of people is from city area. Still, access of internet is very limited in the country. Browsing news sites for information instead of hard copy, for common Nepali people is still a dream. Now a day online news portal is rapid growing in the capital and outside Kathmandu too. But many journalists are not update with the new technologies and have not got opportunities of training and basic of computer.
Hypothesis
In our country, many website are launched and left as it is. Even years passed they do not able to update it. It is due to the crisis of financial, human resources and technologies. There is less number of websites which is updating its items daily. There are many Nepali website which are not up-to-date. There are many news portals which do not have human resource and network for news. The journalists are working in lower salary and facilities. Beside these Nepali websites are not attractive and informative than in compare to websites of other countries.
References
[Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2 (1) 261]
Nepal Monitor, (13th June, 2009), http://www.nepalmonitor.com/media.html
Suresh Mohan, (10th June, 2009), http://www.geocities.com/suresthamohan/nepalese-top-sites.htm
Nepal Research, (13th June, 2009) from http://www.nepalresearch.com/news.htm
Omar Samy, Online Journalism, 2008, http://www.scribd.com/doc/8319913/Online-Journalism
[Wikipedia, (5 June 2009), fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Earth]
[Dipity, (2009), http://www.dipity.com/Journalismcouk/History-of-Online-Journalism]
[College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, 29.647919 -82.347174 (October 11, 2007) from http://www.jou.ufl.edu/webadmin/credits.asp]
Though we were using different mass media channels like Radio, Television, Newspaper, telephone, cinema, libraries etc every day people were not satisfied with it because Nonverbal communications cannot be seen in Auditory means like Radio, cassette players etc. Similarly, we cannot get audio, visual in Newspaper. If we have to revise past news then it is very durable in Newspapers, Televisions and Radio too. As we know, every problem has its solution, the above mention problem has been solved and that is Online Media. Online media is the easiest and the most suitable way to collect information. Online media in Nepal consists of e-newspapers, radio online, online videos, online magazines, online libraries, online maps etc. Online media is becoming a popular media source in Nepal and has gained popularity all over the world. Today, however, mass media has become much more than that, it has become a necessity in our daily lives. We are very much dependent on mass media not only as a source of news and information, but also as a source of entertainment and leisure. We are able to, not only update ourselves with news from around the world, but also watch the latest movie, listen to the latest music and songs and also reach out to the rest of the world through Internet. Consumers these days are simply turning away from books and newspapers and are spending more time on using media on internet. They seemed to like replacing traditional media such as letter writing with new media habits such as online social networking, blogging, texting and instant messaging etc. The content and design of a newspaper or magazine can no longer qualify as online journalism. The content of online journalism may content Headline, Text, Picture, Graphic, Related Links, Audio, Video, Slide Shows, interactive features, and Animation etc. And these all are found in websites for example, google.com, yahoo.com etc which is designed by web page makers.
What Does “Online Media” Mean?
Contents:
Podcasts, Webcasts, Streaming video, mp3, Blogs, Games
People want the same quality online that they experience at home for example some people they watch video in Widescreen but some are still watching in Black and White print. Some people listen song in mp3 format some wants to listen in wma format. So, in Online Media, Media files can be very large of small. Similarly, some wants media files in High and Better quality but some are still satisfied with normal quality. Similarly, some wants more information and large files but some wants compressed data. Due to these kinds of variation quality can be affected. Online Media uses a Players, Reader, etc and it takes a minute or more time to install for example: Windows Media, QuickTime, Flash, Apple iTunes, Acrobat Reader, etc.
Downloading
We can find more than millions and billions of Media file in different websites. Some are downloadable and some are denied to download. This Media file can be view at any time and places. Downloadable file can be downloaded at any time any places. Some Media files are only be viewable many times but not downloadable. Some files are files are viewable only after it is downloaded in computer.
Advantages of Downloading:
We can play the media anytime you want.
Media files may be sent as attachments with an email.
We need not to carry the data every time.
Sitting in one place we can get what you want.
Disadvantages:
Media files can be very large.
It can take a long time to download, even with a broadband.
It cannot be watched or listened to until it has completely finished downloading
It can limit the impact of using a media file to communicate something.
Webcasting
Media file is never downloaded to the computer.
It is stored on the website, or a special computer called a media server.
It is dependent to the time, Live or scheduled.
Radio station casts their programs on the internet.
Webcasts can use special website software, a standard media player or a custom media player.
Advantages:
Audience can see a media program or event as it happens.
Webcast can be converted to a downloaded or streaming file for viewing later.
Disadvantages:
Quality depends on a high bandwidth connection.
Online Media Examples:
YouTube
Free video sharing site.
Converts file to a streaming format.
Access of Uploading to the YouTube site is possible.
File can be public or private.
Standard length is 10 minutes.
Longer/larger files can be uploaded for an additional fee.
File can be both audio and video.
Like radio or TV shows
Can “subscribe” to the show and get a notice that a new show is available.
Latest show is automatically downloadable to our iPod (using iTunes) or other mp3 media player.
People can leave comments about it.
Nepali Online Media:
www.nepalnews.com
Type: News portal.
Main Feature: First to publish almost any breaking news in Nepal. News is otherwise updated regularly several times a day, often with photos.
Other features: Audio, video and photos. Weather and currency exchange rates updated daily. It is linked to all daily, weekly, fortnightly and monthly news publications. It also offers several Nepali fonts for download.
Drawbacks: Many of the features clustered by small box advertisements on either side of the page. Poor design by comparison to other online news portals. The presentation as a whole could improve.
Site created by: Mercantile Communications Pvt. Ltd.
www.cybernepal.com.np
Type: Entertainment portal.
Main Feature: Models.
Other Features: eCards, Mp3s, music videos, artist profiles and wallpapers. Links to various websites they are affiliated to in the areas of entertainment and online portals of other interests, including afterslc.com.np and missnepal.com.np.
Site created by: Dreams and Ideas
Note: Cybernepal.com.np has contributed a great deal towards the progress of web development and graphics in Nepal. The website is perhaps one of the first to achieve this level of branding/ popularity not just amongst web surfers but also the web site designing market in Nepal.
Advantage of Online Media:
News on holiday trading times, sales, discontinued or new lines can be published online,
Reducing the number of brochures that your company needs to produce,
Providing answers to frequently asked questions thus saving staff time,
Providing a timesaving shopping experience for customers,
Accessing information about customer buying patterns and purchases thus providing further marketing opportunities,
Automated collection of orders, payments and customer details,
An online database of products which is quick, easy and inexpensive to modify,
Improved communication by email which is professional and convenient, and is significantly better than leaving messages on answering machines,
The needed information, videos, music or any data can be downloaded at any time etc.
History of online Journalism:
October 1993: The University of Florida’s journalism school launched the first journalism site on the World Wide Web.
Craig Lee - webadmin@jou.ufl.edu David Carlson - gigabit@ufl.edu
It often was available only nights and weekends, the only times the machine was not needed for other tasks.
Nov 1994: The daily telegraph goes online. Electronic Telegraph is launched as UK’s first newspaper website.
Jan 1994: Yahoo! was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo and was incorporated on March 1, 1995.
15th Sep: 1997: The domain google.com was registered.
Dec 1997: BBC Online starts as a full service. In less than one year it offers more than 140,000 pages of content and 61,000 pages of news.
In 1999: The Guardian Unlimited network of websites is launched and by 2001 it has 2.4 million unique users making it the most popular newspaper site in the UK.
Sep 1999: The website journalism.co.uk, providing news and useful links to journalists, is launched.
Feb 2000: Multimedia online news started, Associated Press launches AP Streaming News to give news sites and broadcasters multimedia content.
9th March 2000: Nupedia.com founded, Nupedia.com, an online dictionary anyone with an account can edit and predecessor of Wikipedia, is founded and Renamed to Wikipedia on 15th January, 2001.
Aug 2000: The Hampshire Chronicle becomes the first British Newspaper to publish in an e-book format.
Aug 2003: Interactive Narratives is launched by professor of journalism at San Francisco State University. The site is a portal for the best interactive journalism on the internet.
Jul 2004: Microsoft launches a trial news aggregator service called Newsbot using a database of around 4,800 news sources.
In 2005: Google Earth was launched which displays satellite images of varying resolution of the Earth's surface, allowing users to visually see things like cities and houses looking perpendicularly down.
Online Media in Nepal
Compared to given websites, it was very soon that first Nepali e-magazine ‘The Nepal Digest’ was launched in 1993, only a year after Chicago Tribune could be read in online version at the first time in world’s online history. Kathmandu Post was posted in online version on 1st September 1995 at the first time. Kathmandu Post went on the web on September 1, 1995 is the first newspaper to avail its content into the web. In the beginning, its content was available at http://www.cen.uiuc.edu/~rshresth/ktmpost/. In Nepal, Himal Southasian was first magazine to have its own domain in the web. It went on the web through www.himalmag.com in 1997. This website has been availing the archive of the magazine since March 1996. Nepal news, started since November 1999, under domain www.nepalnews.com, is the first independent online that doesn’t publish in hard copy or doesn’t have any corresponding broadcast media.
According to the Nepal Journals Online, there are 36 journal listed. Until 2000 B.S There is less number of Nepali website. In 2003 there were 677 Nepali websites listed in nepalnet.net which provides online services.
How did blogging become a phenomenon?
In the first information revolution in the 1990s, everyone started creating websites just to have one. The advent of blogs has paved the way for a more authentic information revolution. The internet of the 1990s was said to allow anyone to become a publisher. But anyone needed to know a little bit about computers and specifically, how to build a web page.
Lots of flashy web sites were built, but once you visited them, there often was little reason to return.
Blogs flipped this model on its head. They’re not always pretty to look at, but they can e published by anyone who can click a mouse and type.
The software makes it so easy to publish, in fact, that blogs can be updated several times a day with about the same effort as sending e-mail.
Example of popular blog tools are blogger.com, lovejournal.com, wordpress.com.
Current state of websites:
There are many people who can create website in Nepal. A person can make website staying at home and earn money. The development of websites is not limited to Kathmandu valley only. Even in the hilly districts, online news portals have been launched. Some Nepali news portals have been launched from abroad. Though, these sites seem to have launched from abroad as their names suggested, maximum portion of the site are uploaded from Kathmandu. There are also many websites which are not running or updating. So we do not have exact record how many online news media exist in our country. According to the nepalresearch.com and nepalmonitor.com in 5th may, 2009 some best online media websites are listed below:
News providing web sites and services:
Nepal News, Ekantipur, Gorkhapatra Online, República, Weekly Nepal, Khabar Nepal, Reporters Nepal, Nepal Monitor, Himal Khabar, Nepal Human Rights News, Nepal Press Freedom, Legal News from Nepal, Nepal News US, Nepali Post, Nepaljapan.com, Free Nepal News Network, Weather Service Nepal, Forex.
Radio/TV news and services:
BFBS Gurkha Radio, Nepal Television, Avenues TV, Channel Nepal, Kantipur TV, Nepal 1, ABC Channel, Image channel, Sagarmatha TV, Radio Nepal, Nepaliko Radio 88.8 MHz, Radio Lumbini, Image 97.9 FM, Radio Aawaz, Hits FM, Nepali Tube, Kantipur FM 96.1, BBC Nepali Programme, Radio Sagarmatha 102.4, CFFN Radio, Radio Dovaan, Himali Swarharu, WNSO Radio live, Classic FM, Kalika FM, HBC FM, Radio City FM, Radio Annapurna.
Papers and magazines:
The Kathmandu Post, Kantipur, The Himalayan Times, Annapurna Post, The Rising Nepal, Gorkhapatra, República, Nagarik, Nepal Samacharpatra, Naya Patrika, Mahanagar, Rajdhani, Janadisha, Butwal Today, Sandhya Times, Newsfront, Sanghu, Tarun, Nayan Bikalpa, Nayan Prakash, Jana Ekta, South Asia Intelligence Review, Dristi, Janadesh, Nepali Sandesh, Europe ko NepaliPatra, The Telegraph, Budhabar, Ghatana ra Bichar, Hank, Kantipur Qatar, Janadharana, Suryodaya, Roadmap, The People's Review, Spotlight, Nepali Times, Madheshvani, Arpan, Nepali Patra, Sambodhan, Saptahik, Janasatta, Tasapaw, Deshprem, Kathmandu Metro, Deshantar, Nepal Abroad, Dishanirdesh, Chalphal, Suchanapatra, Khabardar, ECS (Expatriate Community Services), Himal Khabarpatrika, Himal Southasian, The Red Star, Madhuparka, Muna, Nari, New Business Age, Yubamanch, The Boss, Nepal Traveller, Wave Magazine, Cybernepal, Global Nepali, Himal, Himal Southasian, Himalayan Journal of Sciences, Kailash, Journal of Bhutan Studies, Journal of the Tibet Society
Liberal Democracy, Midweek, Mother Tongue Pipal Pustak, Nation, Nepali Times, Peace and Democracy in South Asia, Regmi Research Series, Revue d'Etudes Tibétaines, Studies in Nepali History and Society (SINHAS), Himalayan Research Bulletin.
Blogs: Blogger Nepal, Blogdai, Bahas, Deepak's Diary, Democracy for Nepal, Nepali Perspectives, Nepali Voices, Samudaya, Nepali Notebook, WeBlog Nepal, INSN, United We Blog, Phalano, Hamro Blog, Global Voices etc.
Now in Nepal, there are many popular websites which are competing with each other to provide necessary services to the user. Some popular website is listed below.
Popular Nepali news portals
The Nepal Digest: Launched by TND foundation (registered in New York USA) in 1993 is considered pioneer e-Nepali magazine. The Nepal Digest helps to create a free and democratic electronic platform-free of all political views, free of cultural biasness, against prejudices and unjustness of all kinds. (Thenepaldigest.com)
www.nepalnews.com: Run by mercantile communication, is the first independent news portal from Nepal. News is updated regularly several times a day, often with photos and publishes almost any breaking news of Nepal.
Problems in Nepal
At present, several publications can be read in internet and several independent online News portals are also in existence in a significant number through the country. Coinciding to the rise on computer literacy rate, there is significant number of browsers who visit web sites in the country. But this large number of people is from city area. Still, access of internet is very limited in the country. Browsing news sites for information instead of hard copy, for common Nepali people is still a dream. Now a day online news portal is rapid growing in the capital and outside Kathmandu too. But many journalists are not update with the new technologies and have not got opportunities of training and basic of computer.
Hypothesis
In our country, many website are launched and left as it is. Even years passed they do not able to update it. It is due to the crisis of financial, human resources and technologies. There is less number of websites which is updating its items daily. There are many Nepali website which are not up-to-date. There are many news portals which do not have human resource and network for news. The journalists are working in lower salary and facilities. Beside these Nepali websites are not attractive and informative than in compare to websites of other countries.
References
[Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2 (1) 261]
Nepal Monitor, (13th June, 2009), http://www.nepalmonitor.com/media.html
Suresh Mohan, (10th June, 2009), http://www.geocities.com/suresthamohan/nepalese-top-sites.htm
Nepal Research, (13th June, 2009) from http://www.nepalresearch.com/news.htm
Omar Samy, Online Journalism, 2008, http://www.scribd.com/doc/8319913/Online-Journalism
[Wikipedia, (5 June 2009), fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Earth]
[Dipity, (2009), http://www.dipity.com/Journalismcouk/History-of-Online-Journalism]
[College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, 29.647919 -82.347174 (October 11, 2007) from http://www.jou.ufl.edu/webadmin/credits.asp]
Monday, June 15, 2009
A Film By: Rashmi Agrawal
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_5urJ2hbqE
A film by: Rashmi Agrawal
With: Nabila Banu, Riju Shrestha
Also Appearing: Anish Regmi, Elish Shrestha, Ramita Maharjan, Rubin Manandhar, Sauel chhetri
Cinematography: Samuel Chhetri, Sunir Pandy
Audio/ Video Editor: Rubin Manandhar
With co-operation of Chandi Raj Dahal
This Video was shooted on June 10, 2009 (Mero Birthday ko din)
Location: Rashmi's home and Banepal Fast Food(KU)
Through: Sony Digital CAM
A film by: Rashmi Agrawal
With: Nabila Banu, Riju Shrestha
Also Appearing: Anish Regmi, Elish Shrestha, Ramita Maharjan, Rubin Manandhar, Sauel chhetri
Cinematography: Samuel Chhetri, Sunir Pandy
Audio/ Video Editor: Rubin Manandhar
With co-operation of Chandi Raj Dahal
This Video was shooted on June 10, 2009 (Mero Birthday ko din)
Location: Rashmi's home and Banepal Fast Food(KU)
Through: Sony Digital CAM
Monday, June 1, 2009
Honor to Hari Manjushree
Writing, I think, is not apart from living. Writing is a kind of double living. The writer experiences everything twice. Once in reality and once in that mirror which waits always before or behind. In the celebration of the New Year of 2066, a book exhibition was launched in order to honor Hari Manjushree. The program was organized by The Red Cross society of Dhulikhel and Vice Chancellor of Kathmandu University's Dr Suresh Raj Sharma was the chief guest of the ceremony. In the program,many other literary figures like Mohan Duwal, T.P Sharma, Narendra Raj Jung etc openly and heartily praised Hari Manjushree for his great contribution in Nepali literature. The Chief Guest of the ceremony Dr Suresh Raj Sharma gave certificate to Hari Manjushree and also praised Hari Manjushree for his memorable works in literary field of Nepal. Manjushree was born in Bhojpur and came to Kavre. His economic condition was not good but also he has contributed in Kavre. He wrote many books, paintings etc and earned name but not money. Even he is living in a house which is built by his friends. He has got several honour like 'Kulchandra Khorila Smriti Pratisthan', 'Roshi literature patra', 'saptahik madhammarga sadhana samman', 'Sunkoshi shahetyea pratisthan samman patra', 'Muktimarga darshan puruskar' e.t.c. He had also made many contributions for the development of Nepali literature by creating different interesting poems, paintings, novels and also introducing a simple attractive Nepali Grammatical rules. He has also been a journalist and has worked in many media organizations.
Madan Pustakalaya
Madan Pustakalaya is one of the oldest, popular and first libraries of Nepal which was established in 1956. This library contain of both old and new books and periodicals in the Nepali language. Madan Mani Dixit, chairman of the library established library in order to conserve all types of books materials and informative materials. There are altogether 26,854 books, 5,125 newspapers, 7000 digitized photo, 35000 wall paintings, 500 hand written and 700 audio-video records. So, they are using microfilm and digital technology. According to the members of the library, the first Nepali book to be printed was Holy Bible in 1820. Nepali paper are use to preserve a 100 years back photo of Rana Prime Minister Junga Bahadur Rana and different painting and arts. Similarly, first issue of Gorkhapatra is also saved. Interesting part of this library is that, they use different technologies, chemicals, storage media, paper etc to save the ancient treasures which are very important for future.
Thursday, May 28, 2009
State of Film Industry in Nepal
During Period of Rana there was no film industry in Nepal and Nepali film too. Filmmaking in Nepal started only after 1962. Before 1962, King Mahendra invited Hira Singh Khatri from Bollywood to Nepal and he made a documentary about 42nd birthday of King Mahendra. That was the first ever film made from Nepal. But, the first film in Nepali language was 'Satya Harishchandra' and its director was D.B.Pariyar which was made in India. In the past, to record songs a singer had to go to India. This film is made in India, technologies; musician, actor and actress were from India. The first feature film from Nepal was 'Aama', which was Black and White and made in 1965 AD. It was produced by His Majesty's Government of Nepal. In order to develop the film industry, the government established the Film Corporation. Nepali films became color in Panchayat period. In 1974, a board was formed for the development of film industry called as Royal Nepal Film Corporation. Between the years 1964-1971 three propaganda films were produced. In 1990, there was a political drastic change. In the beginning, Nepalese film industry produced quite a number of successful movies such as Basanti, Prem Pinda and Maithighar. Within three years of time, 150 films were made. Distribution was increased; market shares reached to its peak, cinema halls were increased. Post 1990, film industry expanded. If before 1990 1-10 films were made per year the number of films were 50 per year in post 1990’s. Nepali Film Caravan was nominated for the world's most prestigious Academy Awards as the best foreign language film and was produced jointly by Nepal and France.
There were 450 cinema halls out of which only hundreds are operating at present out of which only 11 are operating with permanent license, 38 with temporary and the rest are mobile or make-shift cinema houses. Nepalese movie industry had been facing serious competition from Indian movie industry. Now many music studios have established in Nepal although they are not of that high quality but India is still preferred. Nepali film makers had to hire cameraman, dance directors, make-up man from India, although now the trend is being changed. Before editing, dubbing and mixing were done in India but now newly developed Nepal Film Development Company Ltd. has all the technical facilities. In the film industry of Nepal started to make real and qualitative Nepali film. Kagbeni is one of the examples of it. In order to strengthen all aspects of the industry government had created a body Film Development Board on 30th June, 2000.
There were 450 cinema halls out of which only hundreds are operating at present out of which only 11 are operating with permanent license, 38 with temporary and the rest are mobile or make-shift cinema houses. Nepalese movie industry had been facing serious competition from Indian movie industry. Now many music studios have established in Nepal although they are not of that high quality but India is still preferred. Nepali film makers had to hire cameraman, dance directors, make-up man from India, although now the trend is being changed. Before editing, dubbing and mixing were done in India but now newly developed Nepal Film Development Company Ltd. has all the technical facilities. In the film industry of Nepal started to make real and qualitative Nepali film. Kagbeni is one of the examples of it. In order to strengthen all aspects of the industry government had created a body Film Development Board on 30th June, 2000.
Right To Information Act In Nepal
There may be many definitions of 'information' but all of them give the primary meaning of the word as 'to know about something’. The fact that being informed means getting to know something is translated into applied terminology since 'right to information'(RTI) is sometimes called 'right to know'.
In Nepal it was media community who has been lobbying for RTI law since the restoration of democracy in 1990.The government did submit a RTI bill draft to parliament in 1992; however, it had to be withdrawn due to strong opposition. The Federation of Nepalese Journalists (FNJ) and Nepal Press (NPI) put the issue on the agenda again in 2000 but there was no political will in the parliament to prepare and pass the law. Nepal’s 2006 Interim Constitution has a provision for the right to information in article 27, in the chapter on fundamental rights. However, lack of specific regulation impeded people from exercising this fundamental right. Therefore, the freedom forum took an initiative and has submitted draft of RTI bill to the government but it had to be withdrawn because it failed to meet the legal standards. After that joint secretary of the Ministry of Information and Communication, Ratna Raj Pandey, as a coordinator, formed a task force, which included representatives from the FNJ and the media related bodies to review the draft bill and after the revision the draft document was again submitted to the government. It was passed by the parliament on 18 July, as Right to Information Act 2007.
The mass media were associated strongly with the RTI. They have been, to some extent, trying to unveil the wrongdoings of the public bodies. Journalists and watchdog NGOs can use RTI Act to expose, on the behalf of the society, misconduct in the government and help root it out. But it has to be understood that RTI is the human right and being such every person is eligible to exercise it. Journalists as citizens themselves are not an exception but the situation in which they have privilege access to information is unacceptable. On the other hand, journalistic profession is specific and there is social expectation that will be watchful and expose any misconduct especially in public bodies.
The mass media are the information business but there must be clear distinction between right to information and press freedom or freedom of expression; though all are important prerequisites of democratic system. It should be also clear that the information accessed remains mostly in the domain of executive branch of administration. Since independent judiciary is one of the warrants of functioning democracy it is protected to big extent from outside pressure and has more developed internal system of accountability revision. The legislature is composed of social representatives already trusted with social confidence through electoral process, accountable to the voters and being in constant contact with the citizens. Hence in the case of parliament the information can be access on different basis. Nevertheless all three branches of administration are compelled to operate in transparent mode and to provide easily accessible, updated information about their functions and procedures.
In Nepal it was media community who has been lobbying for RTI law since the restoration of democracy in 1990.The government did submit a RTI bill draft to parliament in 1992; however, it had to be withdrawn due to strong opposition. The Federation of Nepalese Journalists (FNJ) and Nepal Press (NPI) put the issue on the agenda again in 2000 but there was no political will in the parliament to prepare and pass the law. Nepal’s 2006 Interim Constitution has a provision for the right to information in article 27, in the chapter on fundamental rights. However, lack of specific regulation impeded people from exercising this fundamental right. Therefore, the freedom forum took an initiative and has submitted draft of RTI bill to the government but it had to be withdrawn because it failed to meet the legal standards. After that joint secretary of the Ministry of Information and Communication, Ratna Raj Pandey, as a coordinator, formed a task force, which included representatives from the FNJ and the media related bodies to review the draft bill and after the revision the draft document was again submitted to the government. It was passed by the parliament on 18 July, as Right to Information Act 2007.
The mass media were associated strongly with the RTI. They have been, to some extent, trying to unveil the wrongdoings of the public bodies. Journalists and watchdog NGOs can use RTI Act to expose, on the behalf of the society, misconduct in the government and help root it out. But it has to be understood that RTI is the human right and being such every person is eligible to exercise it. Journalists as citizens themselves are not an exception but the situation in which they have privilege access to information is unacceptable. On the other hand, journalistic profession is specific and there is social expectation that will be watchful and expose any misconduct especially in public bodies.
The mass media are the information business but there must be clear distinction between right to information and press freedom or freedom of expression; though all are important prerequisites of democratic system. It should be also clear that the information accessed remains mostly in the domain of executive branch of administration. Since independent judiciary is one of the warrants of functioning democracy it is protected to big extent from outside pressure and has more developed internal system of accountability revision. The legislature is composed of social representatives already trusted with social confidence through electoral process, accountable to the voters and being in constant contact with the citizens. Hence in the case of parliament the information can be access on different basis. Nevertheless all three branches of administration are compelled to operate in transparent mode and to provide easily accessible, updated information about their functions and procedures.
Tuesday, May 26, 2009
Film Rewiew OF KAGBENI
When wishes come true...
Directed By: Bhusan Dahal
Producers: Nakim Uddin, Rajesh Siddhi, Bhaskar Dhungana
Story: Bhaskar Dhungana
Screen Play: Prashant Rasaily
Cinematography: Bidur Pandey
Music: Sarad Gurung
Location Sound: Jyoti Rana
Editing: Prabod Shrestha
Featuring:
Saugat Malla - Ramesh
Deeya Maskey - Tara
Nima Rumba - Krishna
Hanif Mohammed - Bishnu
Pooja Gurung - Pema
Vivek Gurung – Bardaan
Release Date: January 11, 2008
Running Time: 130 minutes
Special Appearance: Anup Baral
Script: Achyut Koirala, Samitya Timilsina
Script Consultants: Reshu Aryal, Mana Kanti Sherchan
Casting: Anup Baral
Film Editors: Prabod Shrestha, Prabin Manandhar, Prakash Tuladhar
Promotional Music: 1974 AD
"Be careful of what you wish for..."
Kagbeni 2008 is a Nepali movie loosely based on the W. W. Jacobs' 1902 horror short story “The Monkey's Paw”. The name of the movie is taken from a tourist place Kagbeni situated in the valley of the Kali Gandaki, which is a 2-hour side trek from Muktinath. This film consists of three new faces, Saugat Malla (Ramesh), Deeya Maskey (Tara) and Nima Rumba (Krishna). The film includes the love scenes which are free from vulgarities.
The story begins with Krishna coming to a village to meet Ramesh and Bishnu who have been his childhood friends. Krishna comes back to his village after a long time from Malaysia. He visits his childhood friend Ramesh and they decide to visit the neighboring village to me someone for business purpose.
On the journey to Marpha, they take rest at a small cave in the evening where the meet mystical hermit who hands Krishna an animal paw that has power to fulfill wishes. But at the same time it has its evil effects too. Unaware of the ominous power of the paw Ramesh makes a wish. Thus begins the journey of betrayal and revenge.
Kagbeni is a film with traditional taste of fights, terror, villain, heroin etc. As this film is better than other Nepali films and there is majority of viewers in town, it also has some unclear points. The unclear points are:
What was the role of that “Mad Woman” shown in between?
What does that “Monkey’s Paw” taken by the dead son meant at last?
What does arrival of Nima Rumba after 9 years of death mean?
A movie is an expression and kagbeni expresses fairly well what it tries to tell.
It has a thin storyline but it has a storyline.
It has a very weak screen play but it has a screen play.
It has a very small budget but it had a budget to go up to mustang and shoot the entire film.
Let’s try to be fair on all the effort that has gone into it.
It’s a great start for a change in Nepali movies, kagbeni may not have a comprehensive story but it has served to the moviegoers-great direction, mind-blowing locations, great acting (far better than the unreal or amusing acting of typical Nepali actors). So all in all, kagbeni is a good movie and has given the first step for a revolution in Nepali movies. At last very important information that this film wanted to serve is:
“Be careful of what you wish for...”
Oldest Temple "Changu Narayan"
In 16th April 2009 (Wednesday)
From Kathmandu University, We Mr. and Miss Media of 1st and 2nd semester were given chance to visit Changu Narayan and assigned to note down what we had found in Changun Narayan Temple. Being a teacher of Media, responsibility of these all is taken by Mr.Nirmala Sir, Tejeswor sir was also there to explain us. After we entered inside the temple, there was one priest who explained us for about three hours about temple. According to him I have written some points which are as:
Changu Narayan temple is the one of the oldest temple of Nepal which was built during early period of Lichhavi dynasty and is 22km far from Kathmandu valley which is popular temple of Nepal. This temple is about 1,600 years old and woodcarvings, metal inscriptions and stone statues are most remarkable architecture of temple.
From Kathmandu University, We Mr. and Miss Media of 1st and 2nd semester were given chance to visit Changu Narayan and assigned to note down what we had found in Changun Narayan Temple. Being a teacher of Media, responsibility of these all is taken by Mr.Nirmala Sir, Tejeswor sir was also there to explain us. After we entered inside the temple, there was one priest who explained us for about three hours about temple. According to him I have written some points which are as:
Changu Narayan temple is the one of the oldest temple of Nepal which was built during early period of Lichhavi dynasty and is 22km far from Kathmandu valley which is popular temple of Nepal. This temple is about 1,600 years old and woodcarvings, metal inscriptions and stone statues are most remarkable architecture of temple.
.JPG)
Around 4th century, before establishment of Changu there was a huge forest of Chaap Trees (in Sanskrit: Champak). Sudarsan was a Brahaman who lived in the corner side of the forest. Everyday herdsmen went to the forest to graze Cow. Every night herdsmen used to lived in Sudarsan’s house. In order to pay rent every morning herdsmen used to provide milk to Sudarsan.
Many days passed herdsmen were not able to provide milk to Sudarsan. Sudarsan asked to herdsmen, they replied that Cow stopped giving milk. One day Sudarsan follows Cow to know the reason why Cow stopped giving milk. Eventually, he reached to Changu Narayan Forest. At same time one black person came out from a tree and started to suck the milk of the Cow. Suddenly, Sudarsan became angry and beheaded that black person.
Changu Narayan, a four handed Person, came out from the dead body. Seeing this he became afraid of his deed. But Changu Narayan told Sudarsan not to afraid and started to tell story that Sukracharya had cursed him, he will be free only when one of the brahaman cut off his head. Changu Narayan expressed that he wanted to stay in that place asking brahaman to be a priest. Later Changu Narayan temple was stablished around 4th century.
In the period of lichhivi dynasty it was named as Dola Shikharswami. The name of the hill is Dolagiri and the temple is situated in top of the hill. So it is named as Dola Shikharswami. In Malla period, People named it Chagunarayan. It was the forest of Chhap trees so in Nepali language “chaa” for chaap and “Goon” for forest. In this way people started to call it Changu Narayan.
Friday, May 15, 2009
Poem
My heart leaps up when i behold you
I become a concret cat in absence of you.
The recurring dream i saw is all about you
keeping things whole, you don't know how much i care about you.
Bird fly high up
Remember you whenever i look at the tea cup.
I can't imagine life without you.
It will be like the nightmare life without fuel.
I become a concret cat in absence of you.
The recurring dream i saw is all about you
keeping things whole, you don't know how much i care about you.
Bird fly high up
Remember you whenever i look at the tea cup.
I can't imagine life without you.
It will be like the nightmare life without fuel.
A teacher who has changed my life.
When I was mid-teen, I used to think culture is totally unnecessary. I thought it’s nothing, which just creates problems in society and I can live without it. I thought that, I am superior to culture and used to hate those time when a wife bow her head to touch her husband’s legs. I used to hate cultural festival like Jatra thinking that it is unnecessary cultural activities which makes us to spend lots of money. But later on while attending class of Tejeswor Babu Gwanga I came to know that I misunderstood about the culture. His lecture about culture is very much impressive. I understand that, culture distinguish one human group from other, which makes animal being as human being. He also clarified about the cultural activities like, why wife bow head to her husband. According to him, in ancient period, women are totally dependent to her husband. Unless she marries to a man they don’t get identity. So women used to bow her head to tell her husband that I am with you in every step of life and in every decision of your life I will put my thoughts. Head represents mind, thought and leg represents way of life. This is one of the bad concepts of culture that should not leave it as it is. We should remove bad concept and should protect good concept. Now I have changed my thought about culture. Change in life greatly depends on our thought, behavior. As the change in a word in sentence changes whole meaning, Tejeswor sir has changed my thought so he has changed my life.
Thursday, May 14, 2009
Flyer
We, 15 students were divided into 5 groups. Each group was assigned to make a Flyer. The given Flyer is my creation.....and it's just a sample.
Tuesday, April 28, 2009
You A Psycho?
Are You A Psycho?
Psycho means mentally disorder, person showing abnormal or violent social behaviors.
You mightn’t have such friend but I had. It was the time when I passed grade 7 and started grade 8. All my friends had passed but except one and he was a psycho. No one among us asked him the cause why he failed the exam because we knew about his psychopath (mental disorder). I checked his answer sheet and found almost wild. Like:
Psycho means mentally disorder, person showing abnormal or violent social behaviors.
You mightn’t have such friend but I had. It was the time when I passed grade 7 and started grade 8. All my friends had passed but except one and he was a psycho. No one among us asked him the cause why he failed the exam because we knew about his psychopath (mental disorder). I checked his answer sheet and found almost wild. Like:
These are psycho answer picked from his answer sheet. Now it’s time to judge whether you are psycho or not. So, read the text below.
A woman, at the funeral of her own mother, meets a guy whom she did not know. She thought that guy was amazing, very much of her dream guy. She wanted to know about him. She fell in love with him right there, but never asked for his number and could not find him later. A few days later she killed her younger sister.
Question: What was her motive in killing her sister?
Compulsion: First get your answer in your mind before readings an answer.
?
?
?
?
Read right to left for answer.
Answer: again funeral the at appear would guy the that hoping was she
If you answered this correctly, you think like a psychopath.
This was a test by a famous American Psychologist used to test if one has the same mentality as a killer.
Many arrested killers took part in the test and answered the question correctly.
If you didn't answer the question correctly, good for you else you are a Psycho.
Rubin Manandhar
नेपालमा अनलाइन मेडियाको अवस्था
नेपालमा अनलाइन मेडियाको अवस्था
मनसिहरु एक अर्कासगँ सम्पर्क गर्न वा सुचना आदान प्रदान गर्न बिभिन्न साचार माध्यमको प्रयोग गर्छन् जस्तै रेडियो टेलिभिजन पत्र-पत्रिका सिनेमा हल आदि कुराको इस्तेमाल गर्छन । तर टि.भि. र रेडियोबाट दिइएको सुचनालाई हामीले दोहोर् याएर हेर्न वा सुन्न मिल्दैन । त्यसैगरि पत्र-पत्रिकामा बितेको समयको सुचना खोज्ने हो भने हामीलाई निकै समय लाग्छ । हरेक समयको सामाधान हुन्छ भने जस्तै समस्याको पनि समाधान भएको छ र त्यो हो "इन्तरनेट"। बिभन्न साचार माध्यमबाट उपभोग गर्न मिल्ने सुचनाहरु हामीले इन्तरनेट माफर्त पनि पाउन सक्छौं जसलाई हामी 'अनलाइन मेडिया' भन्छौ । अनलाइन मेडिया अहिले संसारकै सबैभन्दा सस्तो र सजिलो साचार माध्यम बनेको छ । नेपालको कुरा गर्नु पर्दा नेपालमा अझ पनि धेरै मानिसहरुले कम्प्यूटर चलाउन पाएका छैनन् । तिनीहरुलाई अनलाइन मेडिया एउटा सपनाको रुपमा रहेको छ । "इनटरनेट एन्ड नेपाली मेडिया २०६०" नामक किताब अनुसार नेपालमा सबैभन्दा पहिलो अन्लाइन मेडिया २०४९ सालमा सचालन भयो जुन वेबसाइटको नाम “www.thenepaldigest.com” थियो । यस वेबसाइटको साचालन अमेरीकीहरुले गरेका थिए र यसको उद्देश्य समाचार प्रकाशित गर्नु र नेपालीहरुको जीबनबारे लेख्नु हो । त्यपछि २०५२ सालमा काठमाण्डौं पोष्ट पत्र www.southasia.com माफर्त प्रकाशित भयो जसले गर्दा काठमाण्डौं पोष्ट पत्र नेपालको पहिलो निउज पोर्टलको रुपमा ठहरियो । त्यस पछि २०५६ सालमा नेपाल निउजले पहिलो पटक http://www.nepalnews.com/ खोले जुन वेबसाइतको साचालन गर्ने नेपालीहरु नै थिए र त्यसको कुनै पत्र वा पत्रिका बजारमा पाइदैन । नेपाल निउज वेबसाइटका बिशेषताहरुले गर्दा यो वेबसाइट निकै प्रचलित भएको थियो । यस वेबसाइटमा रहेका कुराहरु जस्तै निउज बुलेटिन बि. बि. सि., नेपाली मौसम जानकारी, च्याट, नेपाली टेलीभिजनको कार्यक्रमहरु र गोरखापत्र, कान्तिपुर, कामना प्रकाशनको बिज्ञान आदि । नेपालकने केही प्रचलीत समाचार दिने वेबसाइतहरुको नाम लिनुपर्दा जस्तै kantipuronline.com, thehimalayantimes.com, nepalnews.com, newsofnepal.com, nepalipost.com आदि । nepalnet.net अनुसार kantipuronline.com अहिलेको सबैभन्दा राम्रो निउज पोर्टलको रुपमा रहेको छ र cybersansar.com नेपाली वेबसाइतहरु मध्य सबैभन्दा मनोराजनात्मक रहेको छ । त्यसैगरि हामी एफ. एम. रेडियोपनि वेबसाइटहरु जस्तै radionepal.org, radiosagarmatha.org, kantipuronline.com, hitsfm.com.np, imagechannel.com, nepalnews.com, hbc.com.np, classicfm.com.np आदि । यस वेबसाइटहरु माफर्त हामीले बिभिन्न समाचार कुराकानी गितसङ्गित सुन्न सक्छौं । बिभिन्न कार्यक्रमहरु जस्तै घटना र बिचार परिबेस अखबार आजका कुरा नेपाली खबर आदि दिन दिनै प्रसारण हुने गर्दछ । त्सैगरि हाम टि. भि. मा देखाइने कार्यक्रमहरु पनि वेबसाइटमा हेर्न सक्छौं । नेपाली टेलीभिजन माफर्त प्रसारण हुने कार्यक्रमहरु जस्तै अङ्ग्रेजी समाचार नेपाली समाचार दिशानिर्देश लोक दोहोरी मत् अभिमत् आदि हामी http://www.nepalnews.com/ बाट पनि हेर्न र सुन्न सक्छौं Nepal 1 को केही कार्यक्रमहरु हामीले Nepal1tv.com माफत हेर्न सक्छौं भने Kantipur television को kantipuonline.com माफत हेर्न सक्छौं । यसता वेबसाइटहरु धेरै छन् जुनबाट हामी दिन-दिनै वा हप्तै पिछे नया भिडियो क्लीपस्हरु हेर्न सक्छौं । यसता वेबसाइटहरु मध्य केहीले प्रगति गर्दै आएका छन् भने कुनै रोकिएका पन छन् । नेपाली अनलाइन मेडियाको वेबसाइटहरु नेपाली भाषामा, अङ्ग्रेजी र दुबै भाषामा पनि हामीले पाउन सक्छौं । नेपालमा अहिले अनलाइन मेडियाको आवश्यकता बर्दै आएको छ तर बिद्मुत को सुबिधा कम भएको हुनाले अनलाइन मेडियालाइ सक्दो सुबिधा दिन सकेको छैन ।
रुबिन मानन्धर
Sunday, April 26, 2009
Hats off to Government
We are now in the 21st century and we all are aware of the homosexuals. Though we know them from the outer periphery, the reality behind is still unseen and unheard. A man who is sexually attracted to and falls in love with other man is Gay. Their sexual feelings towards men are normal and natural. These feelings emerge when they are teens, and the feelings continue throughout their life. Some gays may also be attracted to women but their attraction to men is stronger. Lesbians are women who are attracted to other women. Some experts estimate that about 1 in 10 people in the world may be gay or lesbian.
During evening time at Ratna Park, there are gays who are looking for gay visitors. They are between 20-35 years, smart looking in their sophisticated wears. Once you agree to go with them they fake you of being a police (some of them have connections with police) in hopes of blackmailing you. They try to take you towards police station but they never take you inside. They take your valuables including money, watch and clothes. It is because there are no places for gays or lesbians in Nepal yet, they are not employed in offices, schools or any other organizations. Only some of the nightclubs (Babylon, Dynasty, Jump, Fire Club, and Oriental 24 hours Restaurant etc.) allow them where they go and hang out. Some of them are even sex workers. This proves that it's very hard to sustain life in a conservative society like Nepal. Even though Nepal's Supreme Court has given the right to same sex marriages, it has become hard for gays and lesbians to adjust in the society.
Nowadays, government is helping Nepal’s tourism and service industry to establish number of restaurants, discos and hotels in the country that provide good service to gay and lesbian couples. In this case, foreign gays and lesbians do not have to suffer any problems of sex identity while traveling in Nepal. With travel package for foreign gays and lesbians, local gays and lesbians can get employment opportunity in the tourism sector. This is an easiest idea for government to stop problems regarding sex identity. This approach not only helps foreign gays and lesbians to adjust in the society but also helps Nepalese homosexuals to stand on their own and make their own identity. Government is planning in this regard to make their life more flexible. Hats off to the government for the exemplary task.
Rubin Manandhar
We are now in the 21st century and we all are aware of the homosexuals. Though we know them from the outer periphery, the reality behind is still unseen and unheard. A man who is sexually attracted to and falls in love with other man is Gay. Their sexual feelings towards men are normal and natural. These feelings emerge when they are teens, and the feelings continue throughout their life. Some gays may also be attracted to women but their attraction to men is stronger. Lesbians are women who are attracted to other women. Some experts estimate that about 1 in 10 people in the world may be gay or lesbian.
During evening time at Ratna Park, there are gays who are looking for gay visitors. They are between 20-35 years, smart looking in their sophisticated wears. Once you agree to go with them they fake you of being a police (some of them have connections with police) in hopes of blackmailing you. They try to take you towards police station but they never take you inside. They take your valuables including money, watch and clothes. It is because there are no places for gays or lesbians in Nepal yet, they are not employed in offices, schools or any other organizations. Only some of the nightclubs (Babylon, Dynasty, Jump, Fire Club, and Oriental 24 hours Restaurant etc.) allow them where they go and hang out. Some of them are even sex workers. This proves that it's very hard to sustain life in a conservative society like Nepal. Even though Nepal's Supreme Court has given the right to same sex marriages, it has become hard for gays and lesbians to adjust in the society.
Nowadays, government is helping Nepal’s tourism and service industry to establish number of restaurants, discos and hotels in the country that provide good service to gay and lesbian couples. In this case, foreign gays and lesbians do not have to suffer any problems of sex identity while traveling in Nepal. With travel package for foreign gays and lesbians, local gays and lesbians can get employment opportunity in the tourism sector. This is an easiest idea for government to stop problems regarding sex identity. This approach not only helps foreign gays and lesbians to adjust in the society but also helps Nepalese homosexuals to stand on their own and make their own identity. Government is planning in this regard to make their life more flexible. Hats off to the government for the exemplary task.
Rubin Manandhar
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